I investigate the geographical consequences of demographic-structural dynamics using a spatially resolved agent-based model of agrarian empires in several Old World regions between 1500 BCE and 1500 CE. I estimate and bound key model parameters from two historical datasets. Although several very large-scale polities (e. https://ashleyshomestores.shop/product-category/power-reclining-loveseat-with-console-adj-hdrst/